Blog | Noob los

Chaw tsom xam siv lub noob teem Day Analysis (GSEA) Tuam

Los ntawm Paul Denny | Luam tawm: Lub kaum hli ntuj 22, 2012

Noob Enrichment Tsom xam yog ib txoj kev mus kom ze rau lub tsom xam cov noob qhia profile cov ntaub ntawv thiab tau piav nyob rau hauv ib lub Ntawv Los ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm hauv lub koom haum Broad lub koom haum.

Lub tswvyim yooj yim yog prompted los ntawm txoj kev soj ntsuam uas kawm noob caj noob ces Uas qhia qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv qhia theem ntawm ob lub xeev los yog phenotypes yog tsis muaj mechanistic pom. tiag mas, Nws ua rau kev txiav txim zoo coj ib tug noob sib koom ib txhia txuas nrog kev txuas mus los, thiab nug cov lus nug – yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws qhia tej txheeb cais tseem ceeb enrichment Nyob rau hauv cov noob uas muaj ntau yam qhia?

A noob xaiv tau, ua ntej, rau ntau yam e.g. Lub noob noob paub tias yuav tsum cawv los ntawm- los yog under-expression ntawm ib micro-RNA, los yog saib tsam ib txheej xaiv raws li chromosomal qhov chaw, los yog noob uas molecular function, cellular tivthaiv thiab / los yog tej yam uas tau muab siv cov lus los ntawm cov lus no Noob Ontology.

Ib kom zoo dua rau txoj kev GSEA yog tias nws tseem tau incorporate koj teev tseg, Tsis yog cov transcripts nrog ib arbitrarily xaiv txawv expression Harbor. Kuv paub tseeb tias muaj coob tus neeg nyeem qhov no yuav xav – "Yuav ua li cas thiaj siv tau cov ntaub ntawv tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv? Feem ntau kuv yuav tsuas xav txog noob nrog >2 (LOS YOG lwm favourite tus nqi)-kev qhia txawv." Yog vim li cas txoj kev yog valid yog tias noob expressed ntawm qib qis los yog nrog variance loj ntawm replicates tsis contribute rau lub ntsiab metric siv los ntawm GSEA, 'qhab nees’ (ES).

GSEA tej hauj lwm los ntawm thawj zaug ranking tus nqi qhia rau txhua lub noob los ntawm teeb liab sib piv – xam qhov txawv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv uas sawv cev rau txhua phenotype thiab scaling lawv los ntawm qhov uas cov qauv deviations. Qhov no txhais tau tias noob uas loj sib txawv hauv qhia theem ntawm lub xeev sib txawv thiab me variation ntawm biological replicates yog ranked mas.

Kauj ruam tom ntej yog tias cov ES, Tus thawj txheeb cais generated los ntawm GSEA, xam tau tias yog ib qho uas teev tseg – hauv tus kab mob GSEA manual, Cov ntaub ntawv software excellently, nws lub xeev:

"Tag nrho cov noob yog xub ranked los ntawm lawv lub teeb liab rau nrov piv, Ces tus ES yog xam los ntawm "taug kev" cia lub ranked daim ntawv teev cov noob ua kom a khiav-summ txheeb cais thaum lub noob yog nyob rau hauv lub noob txheej thiab kev xav nws tseem tsis tau. Qhov no magnitude Qhov increment nyob ntawm seb tus kab mob increment nyob ntawm seb correlation Lub noob uas muaj ib tug nraj. Tus ES yog qhov ntau deviation ntawm xoom ces yuav tsum taug kev hauv daim ntawv. A Positive ES indicates noob enrichment ntawm tus saum toj kawg nkaus daim ntawv ranked; a Negative ES indicates noob enrichment ntawm tus Qab ranked npe."

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws normalised Raws li noob teeb loj thiab ces ib tug cuav xwm xam tias yog xam tau tias yog, muab tus kwv yees li ntawm cuav xwm. GSEA siv ib tug heev so default tus nqi ntawm 25%, Nws yog suitable rau hypothesis tiam nrog ib tug kuj loj biological replicates.

Zaum ua hauj lwm rau cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm tib neeg Qauv tseem siv tau GSEA, tiam sis yuav tsum tautauware – noob cim GSEA yog ib tug neeg siv GSEA.txhais lus" Los ntawm lawv haiv neeg sib npaug zos.. identifiers siv rau noob los ntawm koj hom paj uas muaj tuaj rau lub microarray yog converted rau hauv cov cim rau lawv tib neeg orthologues, Ces siv nyob rau hauv cov tsom xam. Subramanian thiab lug txhawb cov miv thov tias no conversion muaj tsawg los yog tsis nyhuv hlauv taws xob ntawm GSEA; Nws tau siv ntse nyob rau ntau hom uas tsis yog-tib neeg hom, Tiam sis tau kawg no yuav tsum tau khaws nco thaum investigating tau paub meej.

Rau ib excellent, qhov tob, ntsuam xyuas txog tej cuab yeej uas muaj cuab yeej, tham:

Khatri, P., Sirota, M., & Tiam siste, A. J. (2012). Kaum xyoo pathway Tsom xam: Tam sim no approaches thiab koj txoj kev sib tw. PLoS Computational Biology, 8(2), e1002375. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002375

Lwm qhov zoo ntawm tswv yim txog pathway tsom xam, Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov paub cov R txheeb cais pob yog ntawm no.

nyeem ntawv ntxiv

Subramanian A, Tamayo P, Mootha VK, Mukherjee S, Ebert BL, Gillette MA, Povlauj A, Pomeroy SL, Golub TR, Lander ES, Mesirov JP (2005) Noob txheej enrichment tsom xam: Ib tug paub kuas kev txhais lus rau txhais lus genome-dav expression profiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S. 102:15545-15550

Xie X, Lu J, Kulbokas EJ, Golub TR, Mootha V, Lindblad-Toh K, Lander ES, Kellis M (2005) Systematic discovery ntawm ntxawg motifs rau tib neeg promoters thiab 3[prime] UTRs los ntawm kev sib piv ntawm ntau mammals. xwm txheej 434:338-345

Muab tso rau hauv Chaw tsom | 1 Teb

Yeej ntawm editing cov phau ntawv txoj kev kawm ntawv kev kawm

Los ntawm Paul Denny | Luam tawm: Lub kaum hli ntuj 15, 2012

Los sis:"beginner txoj kev qhia herding miv".

Xav txog qhov scenario: koj yog ib tus paub txog txoj kev kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv ib qhov kev tshawb fawb tibneeg hu tauj coob lub koom haum thiab jib yog caw los hloov phau ntawv, tab sis cia ntawm siab uas ua hauj lwm; ces pheej yuav qhia tau tias nws yuav zoo rau koj CV. Koj pom zoo, nws yuav zoo rau koj CV, yog li koj kuas nyuas siv zug kheej editing koj sau tej ntaub ntawv kawm science thawj phau.

Li ntawd, vim li ntawd yog ib qho teeb meem?

Tau sau phau ntawv txog board

Koj xav tau tus neeg sau rau tshooj uas hais zoo. Koj Google tej cov kws txawj big-name thiab caw lawv pab txhawb ib tshooj rau koj phau ntawv. Lawv tsis kam yuav luag txhua, los yog tsis teb koj tus email nrog lus. Tab sis npog, dog dig rau koj amazement, pom ib tug. Txawm li cas los, no paragon ntawm kev kawm ces yeej tsis, puas replies los twg yav tom ntej. Li ntawd, koj txo koj lub sights thiab tsom rau zaum zoo, tab sis tsis Nobel nqi zog winners. Thaum kawg, koj yuav tau txaus sau phau ntawv ua ke los sau ntawv rau tshooj uas hais ib ncig lub npe tias tus publishers tau muab koj – phew!

Tau sau phau ntawv pom zoo lub sijhawm

Piv txwv tias yog nws no tsis yog tsis yog zoo caij, sawv daws yuav so feem ntau yog hais txog lub sijhawm teeb. Txawm li cas los, kev xwb yuab tiag tiag yog:

Kom lawv mus raws li sijhawm.

Qhov no yuav tsum yooj yim, txoj cai? Zaum no grown-up, kev cob qha cov neeg. Lawv tsis? Qhov tshij, tsawm tsawv thiab. Nyob hauv kev muaj tiag, academics feem ntau tshaj kuas nyuas siv zug kom lawv, ua neej xwb tsis tshawb xyuas thiab qhia, tab sis tam sim no thiab sau qhov nyiaj pab kev siv nyiaj, ntaub ntawv, xyuas, phau ntawv chapters, etc, yam. thaum kawg no, nqe lus scientific lub hom phiaj yog "luam tawm tsab los yog tau damned."
Raws li tus deadlines mus past – "wooshh", ib yam li kis tsheb, ib nrab koj cais tau xa lawv chapters, tas tsis. Tam sim no tuaj ib pliag nplaum – tej no yog meant yuav tej ntug kev xyuas. Xeev-rau-tus-daim duab. Tab sis cov no qeeb ziag no txhais tau hais tias yog tus sau phau ntawv 'zoo' ua haujlwm loj yog xeeb nws muag hnub. Koj yuav tsum tau mus nkag rov qab rau lawv kom tshiab. Uas lawv muaj feem ntau tsis dhau heev tsis zoo siab txog, tab sis, koj ntxub tsis tau ntawm lub ntsej muag.
Ib tug ntau tshaj plaws uas kuv tsis nco qab los pav; raws li cov editor, koj yuav tsum nyeem cov chapters. Tuaj tseem, koj yuav tsum ua cogent critiques – seb tus sau xav ntxiv, tshem tawm, nthuav los sis ua ntawv cog lus. Txawm yog hais tias lub npe rau lub fringe ntawm koj lub ntsiab kev tshaj lij.

Ua li cas yog hais tias tus sau phau ntawv mus AWOL?

Koj yuav ua dab tsi thaum koj cais ib tug txiav txim tias lawv tsis mus sau lawv lub Hmong Translation Tshooj? Txhob cias sej, tsis raws cai deadlines, tab sis tsis txhob muaj kev sib txuas lus rau tag nrho. Ploj tawm ntawm daim ntawv qhia. So, tam sim no koj nyob nraum nyam – nrhiav lwm tus sau(s) – ncua ntxiv – sau ntawv hauv tshooj no koj tus kheej? – tiam sis nws tseem deb sab nraumLi ntawdoj cheeb tsam ntawm koj tus kheej kev txawj ntse. So, nws thiaj li, koj pom lwm tus. Uas txhais tau hais tias tsis tau qeeb tshaj.

Sau koj tus kheej Tshooj

Auj, yog, koj tsis nco qab tias koj pom zoo sau ib qho rau tshooj uas hais koj tus kheej. Oops. Huag zoo, tsis muaj teeb meem. Muab tus nqi authorship ib qhov ntawm koj kawm PhD – lawv mam li yuav ntog lawm kom lawv tau txais lwm cov ntawv qhia rau lawv CV. Los sis tej zaum tsis: tsis muaj, lawv yuav tsis xav tiam; obviously suspecting (thwj) tias koj taw yog kom lawv sau tag nrho cov khoom, Ces xa cov tshooj rau koj rau ib lub teeb editorial polishing.

Pleading nrog lub publishers rau cov sij hawm ntau

Koj tam sim no tuav cov ntaub ntawv dubious rau lub coos hnub sij hawm sau tej kev kawm ntawv uas nyob rau hauv tib neeg cov keeb kwm, excluding daim ntawv Vajtswv.
' Thov, sir, Kuv xav tau ib txhia ntxiv.'
Tus publishers yuav tsis impressed, tab sis, ntsiag to resigned, qhia rau koj kom ploj mus thiab los rov qab thaum koj ua tau raws li lub sijhawm uas koj tshiab.

Poob koj moj bis thiab muab txhua nrho

Nws yog txhua yam noj ntev heev – cais dhau ob peb tau xa ntawv los thawj uas lawv chapters. Koj pib xav ua kom tau – thawj sijhawm yog ntev dhau los uas koj twb tsis nco qab lawm nws – "tshiab" sijhawm no kuj tam sim no keeb kwm. Koj xav muab qhov tseem tshaj plaws – apologise rau tus sau phau ntawv thiab cov publishers thiab hais phau ntawv tsis tau tas. Tab sis koj nqi editor thiab tus sau phau ntawv uas tauj rau lub sij hawm yog indignant – lawm txaus lawv tsis xav pom lawv ua hauj lwm yogted – Thiab hais tias koj rov qab mus rau lub recalcitrant zaum nrog ib lo loj lo. Koj raug teeb meem sau phau ntawv nrog ib lo los ntawm email? Los yog hu xov tooj? Txawm li cas los, Thaum lawv tseem muaj cov metaphorical loj lo, Thov pab rau mercy thiab piling rau lub txim nws thiaj li ua hauj lwm thiab tag nrho cov tshooj tshooj yog tauj! Hooray.

Hooray!

Li ntawd, tam sim no, Koj nyob nraum ntawm lub xeem lap. Los yog lub xeem dregs – tus soul-destroying txheej txheem ntawm assembling index thiab proofreading. ib zaug, Ib sub-editor nrog ib scientific keeb kwm yav dhau los tej zaum yuav tau sau ib index, Tab sis tsis tam sim no. Academic publishers xav lawv phaus ntawm cov nqaij lawm, Li ntawd, qhov no ua hauj lwm no yog delegated sau phau ntawv thiab editors. Sau phau ntawv xaiv keywords los ntawm lawv tshooj tshooj, sib txawv ntawm tej yam txaus siab los yog accuracy, Ces cov editor me nyuam no yuav los ua ke rau hauv ib yam dab tsi pab tau rau tus nyeem ntawv. Thaum kawg, Ib cua ntsawj ntshab pov thawj tuaj txog ntawm email. Koj yog tam sim no heartily mob txhua lo lus, Tab sis ib kawg spurt ntawm tej yam txaus siab drives koj rau thiab phau ntawv no tas.

Ib yam ntxiv – puas tau kuv tsis nco qab txog? – Koj tsis tau them nyiaj – tab sis koj muab ob peb daim ntawv luam ntawm koj kheej Phau. Tej kev lom zem zoo li no!

Muab tso rau hauv Lub teeb nyem | 1 Teb

Ib cov hloov hauv lub transcription tau ua kua nplaum pob ntseg li cas?

Los ntawm Paul Denny | Luam tawm: Cuaj hlis 17, 2012

Mob ntsej rag, Muaj tej lub caij zoo li no: "Muaj tej lub caij uas yus ua taukua txiv ntseg”, tus kab mob bacterial feem ntau yog cov kab mob bacterial kab mob hauv Menyuam thiab los ntawm 1 lub xyoo uas muaj hnub nyoog txog 60% cov me nyuam yuav tau txhaj ib. Tej zaum, me nyuam yaus mob chronic mob, uas, dua li ntawm cov raug tus mob no yog kho, tus “kua nplaum” tsis txhob tseg thiab ua rau muaj lag ntseg. Pub rau ib qho pub nas tsuag qauv Chronic glue pob ntseg lub causative mutation muaj tau pom tias yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv ib lub noob encoding ib ntaus tej yam zoo li cas, Evi1.

Tus EVI1 protein ntau muaj ntau domains, yuav repress los yog txhim khu kev qha ntawm lub hom phaj thiab sib tham nrog ntau lwm proteins. Xwb, Cov multiplicity paub thiab tej kev sib tshuam yog ib tug sib tw los txiav txim rau lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov mutation. There were clues, Txawm li cas los, Yuav ua li cas no mutation yuav ua rau muaj mob los ntawm qhov txawv hauv phenotype e.g. mutant nas tsa ceg nyob rau hauv ib "huv" SPF tsiaj muaj tsawg yuav ua lag ntseg dua cov cia nyob rau hauv cov laus, "tsiaj txhu".

Qhov no txhais tau tias noob kev sib tshuam e.g. lub nruab nrog cev tsis muaj zog thiab microbes, cawv? Nws twb tseem paub tias mutant nas tsom theem ntawm influx ntawm neutrophils rau hauv lawv nruab nrab pob ntseg cavities (mob), Tiam sis yog paub tsis meej seb EVI1 yog kuj ncaj qha los yog indirectly nyob rau hauv txoj kev no. Tau cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no los tsis ntev los no los ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv cultured hlwb, uas qhia EVI1 ua tau ib qho kev ua tau zoo hais txog Yog ib qhov tseem ceeb proteins regulating inflammation, Lwm transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB). EVI1 binds rau ib lub subunits ntawm NFkB thiab cuam tshuam nrog ib protein tseem ceeb heev modification, acetylation. tiam sis, EVI1 tsis acetylate proteins ncaj qha mus ncaj qha, Li ntawd, lwm yam yuav tsum muab kev koom tes. Cov no yog cov uas muaj cov lwm yam?

Kuv tag nrho pej xeem thiab unpublished cov ntaub ntawv siv tshawb fawb thiab qhov chaw software e.g. iRefWeb Thiaj li yuav qhia tau cov kauj ruam hauv lub NFkB signalling pathways uas tej zaum yuav tau disturbed los ntawm cov mutation hauv EVI1. Tus tshiab Phiaj proteins thiab pib ntsiab lus rau kev loj hlob Kuv sab yog suitable rau kev kuaj no qauv preclinical qauv mob ntsws mob.

Nyeem peb cov lus los ntawm Dr Michael Cheeseman.

Muab tso rau hauv Chaw tsom, Phiaj foundations | Cia ib saib

Phiaj foundations rau thaum yau chiv mob hawb pob

Los ntawm Paul Denny | Luam tawm: Cuaj hlis 6, 2012

hawb pob tshwm sim los ntawm thaum lawv tseem ua ke ib puag ncig thiab noob caj noob ces cawv, tab sis, rau tej yam yuav tsis to taub. Ib qhov "ntaus" kuaj tau nyob rau hauv ib cov koom haum genome-dav scan (GWAS) rau cov me nyuam yaus hawb pob coj ib tug neeg tau ntseeg tias ib tug noob tej zaum yuav feem ntau lub luag hauj lwm. Tseeb tiag tias no cov koom haum caj yeej yog ua rau mob hawb pob heev, Txawm li cas los, nyuaj. Firstly, Tsis muaj leej twg paub lub function ntawm cov protein ntau los ntawm lub noob thiab secondly, hloov noob rau tib neeg mus kuaj ib hypothesis, es raws li txoj kev kho, kev nyuaj siab & ethically questionable, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov me nyuam yaus. qhov zoo ces, nas tsuag sib koom txog 90% Lawv noob nrog tib neeg, Li ntawd, zaum "knocked-out" cov noob sib npaug, Ces kuaj seb cov tsiaj no coj zoo ib yam li cov me nyuam hawb pob. Cov lus teb luv yog – lawv tsis. nyob rau hauv ntsws Kev ntsuam xyuas uas yuav muaj asthmatics xeeb rau lawv inhalers, tus knock-out nas tsuag kiag li dab tsi. Li ntawd, Dab tsi yog yuav mus? Nas tsuag tsis txaus nyiam tib neeg? Yog qhov no tsis ncaj ncees lawm?

Rau qhov project no, Kuv rov qab mus ua ntej txhooj – dab tsi yog qhov pov thawj Txhawb lub tswv yim tias lub noob no yog lub luag hauj lwm rau hawb pob? Digging los ntawm qhov hauv internet ntawv nyeem, Particular ntaub ntawv los ntawm lwm pawg kawm tib yam noob muab tau khoom siv tsis muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntawv luam, Muaj tswv yim tias cov noob caj noob ces muaj ntau txoj. Kuv nrhiav tau pov thawj tias ob tug lwm noob Nyob ze tau xws li ntau los yog tsawg transcriptionally active asthmatics thiab ces tej zaum yuav ua si ua kom mob hawb pob. Tas, siv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ENCODE ib tes num, Kuv nrhiav tau tias lub caij ntxawg predicted los tswj cov noob no yog conserved hauv nas, Li ntawd, nws yuav tau mus kuaj txoj hau kev yuav xyaum ua tej yam.

Qhov no pom tias ib tug tshiab tshuaj – altering tej yam uas yuav ua tau cluster ntawm noob, es yog ib tug xwb, tej zaum yuav hloov kab mob.

pov thawj

Muab tso rau hauv Phiaj foundations | Cia ib saib

Chaw tsom xam cov ntaub ntawv qhia noob – txiv neej txo fertility / sterility

Los ntawm Paul Denny | Luam tawm: Lub yim hli ntuj 21, 2012

Ib pawg tsiaj uas yuav nteg qe thiab ua fertile offspring yog ib lub ntsiab txhais ntawm ib hom.

Qhov no txhais tau tias cov mechanisms biological mechanisms ntawm fertility thiab infertility yog txaus siab tsis zoo xwb evolutionary biologists, Tiam sis kuj mus clinicians thiab tiv thaiv rau pej xeem wider. Ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Molecular Genetics hauv Prague, Prof. Jiri Forejt yog kawm dab tsi controls fertility hauv lub hybrid offspring uas ua los ntawm tus mating ntawm mouse sub-hom. Nws xav paub vim li cas ib txhia txiv neej nas tau infertile – nws paub tias noob nyob rau hauv ib qho genome thaj av ntawd tseem ceeb heev, Tab sis tsis li cas cov noob cawv cov qhia txog tas cov genome.

Qhov no yog qhov twg kuv yog recruited rau hauv pab neeg no, Pab kom paub cov hoob kawm ntawm noob cuam tshuam kev thauj hauv nas tsuag uas txo fertility. Zaum hauv nws pab pawg neeg tau ua Affymetrix noob qhia tau los ntawm qhov kev kuaj ntawd fertile, sub-fertile thiab infertile nas thiab kuv analysed cov ntaub ntawv genome-dav rau txawv-expressed transcripts. Siv lub koom haum Broad lub koom haum marvellous GSEA cuab yeej, Kuv ntsuam xyuas cov pov thawj txheeb cais tias specific Gene Ontology cov ntsiab lus thiab pathways tau over-uas muaj tuaj thiab kuj seb txawv noob tau localised los particular genome regions. No tsom xam uncovered pov thawj tias specific, Functionally hais txog cov noob tau over-uas muaj tuaj hauv cov ntaub ntawv qhia thiab pab tsim tshiab hypotheses txog qhov uas txo fertility.

Muab tso rau hauv Chaw tsom, Phiaj foundations | 1 Teb

Phiaj foundations nyob rau hauv cov noob nqaij tsis muaj zog

Los ntawm Paul Denny | Luam tawm: Lub yim hli ntuj 3, 2012

Leeg tsis muaj zog yuav ua los ntawm ib tug tsis tshua muaj noob kab mob hu ua myofibrillar myopathy. Gonzalo Blanco pab (team) pom tus qauv nas uas muaj tus kab mob no thiab xav paub ua lwm tus cov leeg heev tsis muaj zog. Lawv tsom tau los nrhiav tej tshuaj rua lub hom phaj los txhais lus rau kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam muaj menyuam mus saib thiab soj ntsuam.

Ua ntej kuv ua koom tes, tus kab mob no muaj lawm mapped mus ib thaj av loj uas muaj ib tug chromosome thiab Dr Blanco lub pab (team) tau npaj tau siv pa positional cloning txoj kev yuav nrhiav txoj kev hloov. Kuv npaj siab tias ib tug mus kom ze sai yuav siv tau cov cim ntxiv mus sequencing targeted ntawm noob rau hauv thaj av ntawd. Kuv tsim cov txheej probes yuav enrich DNA tawg tsam hais thiab kuv ua hauj lwm nrog rau ib bioinformatician, Dr. Michelle Simon, yuav tsim ib tug pipeline software nrhiav thiab characterise change.

Qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev tsim, Tus pipeline siv los xyuas mutations nyob rau hauv cov nqaij tsis muaj zog mutants thiab twv seb tias lawv altered lub coding sequences ntawm ob noob; Myh4 thiab Pmp22. Ob txog hlua ntawm cov tim khawv pom tias tias txoj kev hloov hauv Myh4, uas lis dej num kom muaj protein ntau tej nqaij myosin, yog yuav muaj feem ua kom muaj tus tsis muaj zog. Firstly, lug txhawb peb cov miv nyob nas teev tsuas qhov myosin hloov tseem muaj txoj kev zoo losis phem thiab secondly, txawv txav protein ntau aggregates ntawm cov nas muaj nyob lawm cov myosin loj loj.

Zaum ntawm lub MRC Mammalian noob caj noob ces tsev tau siv cov qub mus kom ze, Tias Michelle Simon thiab kuv pioneered, nrhiav mutations nyob rau lwm cov qauv ua qauv.

Daim ntawv rau tib neeg Molecular Genetics

Testimonial los ntawm Dr. Gonzalo Blanco